Cardiothoracic
Chest trauma and cardiothoracic surgery basics.
Use as a study guide only. These notes are part of a free open-access medical education (FOAMed) project and may contain errors or outdated information. Always verify against current guidelines (e.g. eTG, RACGP, local health district policies) and reputable sources before applying anything to patient care. See the full disclaimer.
Clinical pearls & learnings
Tips and tricks collected over the years — a living list that grows with every rotation. Use as a study guide only and check current guidelines before acting on anything.
Thoracic surgical referrals
Lung herniation
Lung tissue protruding through a defect in the chest wall (congenital, traumatic, or post-surgical) — refer to cardiothoracic surgery. Can present as a visible/palpable bulge that changes with coughing or Valsalva, and may be complicated by incarceration or strangulation of the herniated lung.